Diabetic Care

The artificial pancreas bridges of diabetes technology that already exist: the insulin pump and the continuous glucose monitor (CGM). A large percentage of world population is affected by diabetes mellitus, out of which approximately 5-10% with type 1 diabetes while the remaining 90% with type 2 diabetes. Insulin administration is essential for the patients of type 2.

Present insulin delivery systems are available as transdermal injections. Several approaches for insulin delivery are being pursued by pharmaceutical companies to reduce the pain, and hypoglycemic incidences associated with injections.

Anti-Diabetic Medications work by two mechanisms either lowering blood glucose level or by increasing sensitivity to insulin. People can self-inject insulin under the skin if hospitalized a doctor/nurse might inject insulin directly into the blood. 

There are several different types of insulin-like Rapid-acting injections that take less time to show effect i.e within 5 to 15 minutes but lasts for a shorter time period of 3 to 5 hours, Short-acting injections take 30 minutes and 1 hour  time to show effect and last for 6 to 8 hours. Intermediate-acting injections that take about 1 to 4 hours to show effect and it last for 10 to 26 hours, Long-acting injections show effect after 1 or 2 hours and it last for between 14 and 24 hours.

Other than insulin there are many other oral antidiabetic medications which are non-insulin injectables in the market. They include Biguanides, Sulphonylureas, Meglitinides, Thiazolidinediones, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors,  Gestational diabetes.

Diabetic drugs have the highest market shares amongst drugs and devices compared to other and are also expected to have the highest rate in growth with a CAGR of 8.9%. Diabetic drugs are highly priced it would be one of the major drawbacks.

Diabetic devices include insulin delivery devices and blood glucose meters. The market for blood glucose meters is having the top market shares compared to the insulin delivery systems such as syringes and injection pens. Meter and strips are one of the most expected to dominate the overall market share in diabetic devices.

Additional fat in the body may have destructive impacts, such as producing hormones and development factors can influence the way our cells work. Fat cells can also attract immune cells to body tissues which release chemicals that cause a long-term inflammation. Individuals with obesity have chronic low-level or subacute unresolved inflammations, which is related to expanded malignancy chance.

Gestational diabetes cause problems for your baby and you during pregnancy and after birth. But the risks can be reduced if the condition is detected early and well managed. Gestational diabetes is high blood sugar (glucose) that develops during pregnancy. It happens when your body cannot produce enough insulin – a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels – to meet your extra needs in pregnancy.

Biosimilars are biological medical products/molecules which are almost identical copies of an original product manufactured by different companies and an already FDA-approved biological product, referred to as a reference product.  Human bio monitoring (HBM) is a tool of health-related environmental monitoring.

Diabetes is a major lifestyle disease, It is necessary to identify potential biomarkers associated with diabetes for early detection and proper management of diabetes.  Biomarkers are known as signature molecules or molecular markers or biological molecules found in blood, tissues and other body fluids. Biomarkers are used to monitor how well the body is responding to a particular disease. Hemoglobin A1c is considered as a biomarker for the presence of Diabetes Mellitus biosimilars in diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition with abnormally high levels of sugar in the blood. Insulin is produced by the pancreas then it lowers blood glucose. During, Absence or insufficient production of insulin, or an inability of the body to properly use insulin causes diabetes.

Gastrointestinal motility disorders are common in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has been estimated that more than 75% of diabetics may have gastrointestinal symptoms directly related to the effects of diabetic neuropathy.

Diabetes causes vary depending on our genetic makeup, family history, ethnicity, health and environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition which means that the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta cells in the pancreas that then produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes starts as insulin resistance. It means that the body cannot use insulin efficiently which stimulates your pancreas to produce more insulin. Gestational diabetes is also due to insulin-blocking hormones produced during pregnanc

Diabetes is a serious issue which is still uncured and makes new research, in treatment and management techniques is a crucial necessity. Over the past years, there have been considerable breakthroughs in preventing diabetic complications by understanding them.

Nanotechnology in diabetes is the advancement of novel glucose estimation and insulin conveyance modalities that hold the possibility to drastically enhance the personal satisfaction for diabetics. Nano-medication is typically 10-100 times littler than a body's phone yet just minimal bigger than particles makes conceivable the treatment of the starting point of diabetes at the atomic level.

Health education is a combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals or communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes, by focusing on prevention. Diabetes education will reduce the costs that individuals, families, insurance companies, medical facilities, communities, the state, and the nation would spend on medical treatment.

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health, it moves beyond a focus on individual behavior towards the wide range of environmental and social interventions.

Most common medical devices used in diabetes diagnosis and treatment include blood-glucose meters, insulin pens, insulin pumps. These devices include glucose ministering devices, Bioartificial pancreas, insulin delivery systems, and insulin administrating systems. And many diabetes monitoring and diagnostic devices like lancets, analog glucose monitor, test Strips, Syringe, Injectors also come under this. And these devices are designed to be feasible to use and painless in the insertion. Some companies are joining up and put their efforts to create a contact lens that measures the glucose in tears.

Endocrinology is a branch medicine that deals with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions such as hormones. It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception caused by hormones. The endocrine system consists of several glands, all in different parts of the body, that secrete hormones directly into the blood rather than into a duct system. Therefore, endocrine glands are regarded as ductless glands.

The “metabolic syndrome” (MetS) is a clustering of components that reflect over nutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and resultant excess adiposity. The MetS includes the clustering of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure and is associated with other comorbidities including the prothrombotic state, proinflammatory state, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and reproductive disorders. Because the MetS is a cluster of different conditions, and not a single disease, the development of multiple concurrent definitions has resulted. The prevalence of the MetS is increasing to epidemic proportions not only in the United States and the remainder of the urbanized world but also in developing nations. Most studies show that the MetS is associated with an approximate doubling of cardiovascular disease risk and a 5-fold increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it is unclear whether there is a unifying pathophysiological mechanism resulting in the MetS, abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance appear to be central to the MetS and its individual components. Lifestyle modification and weight loss should, therefore, be at the core of treating or preventing the MetS and its components.

Endocrine disruptors  are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine systems at certain doses. These disruptions can cause cancerous tumors, birth defects, and other developmental disorders. Any system in the body controlled by hormones can be derailed by hormone disruptors. Specifically, endocrine disruptors  may be associated with the development of learning disabilities, severe attention deficit disorder, cognitive and brain development problems deformations of the body that includes breast cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid and other cancers; sexual development problems such as feminizing of males or masculinizing effects on females, etc.

Pediatric endocrinology is a medical subspecialty dealing with disorders of the endocrine glands, such as variations of physical growth and sexual development in childhood, diabetes and many more. By age, pediatric endocrinologists, depending upon the age range of the patients they treat, care for patients from infancy to late adolescence and young adulthood. The most common disease of the specialty is  type 1 diabetes, which usually accounts for at least 50% of a typical clinical practice. The next most common problem is growth disorders, especially those amenable to growth hormone treatment. Pediatric endocrinologists are usually the primary physicians involved in the medical care of infants and children with intersex disorders.

The specialty also deals with hypoglycemia and other forms of hyperglycemia in childhood, variations of puberty, as well other adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary problems. Many pediatric endocrinologists have interests and expertise in bone metabolism, lipid metabolism, adolescent gynaecology, or inborn errors of metabolism. Training for pediatric endocrinology consists of a 3 year fellowship following completion of a 3 year paediatrics residency. The fellowship, and the specialty, are heavily research-oriented and academically based, although less exclusively now than in past decades.